(a) In
General.— A defendant who has been found guilty of an
offense may be sentenced to pay a fine.
(b) Fines
for Individuals.— Except as provided in subsection (e)
of this section, an individual who has been found guilty of an offense may be
fined not more than the greatest of—
(1) the
amount specified in the law setting forth the offense;
(2) the
applicable amount under subsection (d) of this section;
(3) for a
felony, not more than $250,000;
(4) for a
misdemeanor resulting in death, not more than $250,000;
(5) for a
Class A misdemeanor that does not result in death, not more than $100,000;
(6) for a
Class B or C misdemeanor that does not result in death, not more than $5,000; or
(7) for an
infraction, not more than $5,000.
(c) Fines
for Organizations.— Except as provided in subsection (e)
of this section, an organization that has been found guilty of an offense may be
fined not more than the greatest of—
(1) the
amount specified in the law setting forth the offense;
(2) the
applicable amount under subsection (d) of this section;
(3) for a
felony, not more than $500,000;
(4) for a
misdemeanor resulting in death, not more than $500,000;
(5) for a
Class A misdemeanor that does not result in death, not more than $200,000;
(6) for a
Class B or C misdemeanor that does not result in death, not more than $10,000;
and
(7) for an
infraction, not more than $10,000.
(d) Alternative Fine Based on Gain or Loss.— If any person derives pecuniary gain from the offense, or if the
offense results in pecuniary loss to a person other than the defendant, the
defendant may be fined not more than the greater of twice the gross gain or
twice the gross loss, unless imposition of a fine under this subsection would
unduly complicate or prolong the sentencing process.
(e) Special Rule for Lower Fine Specified in Substantive
Provision.— If a law setting forth an offense specifies
no fine or a fine that is lower than the fine otherwise applicable under this
section and such law, by specific reference, exempts the offense from the
applicability of the fine otherwise applicable under this section, the defendant
may not be fined more than the amount specified in the law setting forth the
offense.
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